x402 Payments

The @emdash-cms/x402 package adds x402 payment protocol support to any Astro site on Cloudflare. It works standalone — no dependency on EmDash core — but pairs well with EmDash’s CMS fields for per-page pricing.

x402 is an HTTP-native payment protocol. When a client requests a paid resource without payment, the server responds with 402 Payment Required and machine-readable payment instructions. Agents and browsers that understand x402 can complete payment automatically and retry the request.

When to Use This

The most common use case is bot-only mode: charge AI agents and scrapers for content access while letting human visitors read for free. This uses Cloudflare Bot Management to distinguish bots from humans.

You can also enforce payment for all visitors, or check for payment headers without enforcing (conditional rendering).

Installation

pnpm

pnpm add @emdash-cms/x402

npm

npm install @emdash-cms/x402

yarn

yarn add @emdash-cms/x402

Setup

Add the integration to your Astro config:

astro.config.mjs

import { defineConfig } from "astro/config";
import { x402 } from "@emdash-cms/x402";

export default defineConfig({
  integrations: [
    x402({
      payTo: "0xYourWalletAddress",
      network: "eip155:8453", // Base mainnet
      defaultPrice: "$0.01",
      botOnly: true,
      botScoreThreshold: 30,
    }),
  ],
});

Add the type reference so TypeScript knows about Astro.locals.x402:

src/env.d.ts

/// <reference types="@emdash-cms/x402/locals" />

Basic Usage

The integration puts an enforcer on Astro.locals.x402. Call enforce() in your page frontmatter to gate content behind payment:

src/pages/posts/[...slug].astro

---
const { x402 } = Astro.locals;

const result = await x402.enforce(Astro.request, {
  price: "$0.05",
  description: "Premium article",
});

// If the request has no valid payment, enforce() returns a 402 Response.
// Return it directly to send payment instructions to the client.
if (result instanceof Response) return result;

// Payment verified (or skipped in botOnly mode). Apply response headers
// so the client gets settlement proof.
x402.applyHeaders(result, Astro.response);
---

<article>
  <h1>Premium content</h1>
</article>

The enforce() method returns either:

• A Response (402) — the client needs to pay. Return it directly.
• An EnforceResult — the request should proceed. The content was paid for, or enforcement was skipped (human in botOnly mode).

Bot-Only Mode

When botOnly is true, the integration reads request.cf.botManagement.score to classify requests:

• Score below threshold (default 30) -> treated as bot, payment enforced
• Score at or above threshold -> treated as human, enforcement skipped
• No bot management data (local dev, non-CF deployment) -> treated as human

The EnforceResult includes a skipped flag so you can distinguish “didn’t need to pay” from “paid”:

---
const result = await x402.enforce(Astro.request, { price: "$0.01" });
if (result instanceof Response) return result;

x402.applyHeaders(result, Astro.response);

// result.paid    — true if payment was verified
// result.skipped — true if enforcement was skipped (human in botOnly mode)
// result.payer   — wallet address of payer (if paid)
---

Note

Bot-only mode requires a Cloudflare deployment with Bot Management enabled. In local development, all requests are treated as human and enforcement is skipped.

Per-Page Pricing with EmDash

When using EmDash, you can add a number field to your collection for per-page pricing. No special schema or admin UI is needed — just a regular CMS field:

src/pages/posts/[...slug].astro

---
import { getEmDashEntry } from "emdash";

const { slug } = Astro.params;
const { entry } = await getEmDashEntry("posts", slug);

if (!entry) return Astro.redirect("/404");

const { x402 } = Astro.locals;

// Use the price from the CMS, falling back to a default
const result = await x402.enforce(Astro.request, {
  price: entry.data.price || "$0.01",
  description: entry.data.title,
});
if (result instanceof Response) return result;

x402.applyHeaders(result, Astro.response);
---

<article>
  <h1>{entry.data.title}</h1>
</article>

Checking for Payment Without Enforcing

Use hasPayment() to check if a request includes payment headers without verifying or enforcing. This is useful for conditional rendering — showing different content to paying vs non-paying visitors:

---
const { x402 } = Astro.locals;

const hasPaid = x402.hasPayment(Astro.request);
---

{hasPaid ? (
  <p>Full premium content here.</p>
) : (
  <p>Subscribe for the full article.</p>
)}

Caution

hasPayment() only checks for the presence of a payment header. It does not verify the payment is valid. Use enforce() when you need verified payment.

Configuration Reference

Option	Type	Default	Description
payTo	string	required	Destination wallet address
network	string	required	CAIP-2 network identifier (e.g., eip155:8453)
defaultPrice	Price	—	Default price, overridable per-page
facilitatorUrl	string	https://x402.org/facilitator	Payment facilitator URL
scheme	string	"exact"	Payment scheme
maxTimeoutSeconds	number	60	Maximum timeout for payment signatures
evm	boolean	true	Enable EVM chain support
svm	boolean	false	Enable Solana chain support (requires @x402/svm)
botOnly	boolean	false	Only enforce payment for bots
botScoreThreshold	number	30	Bot score threshold (1-99, lower = more likely bot)

Price Format

Prices can be specified in several formats:

• Dollar string — "$0.10" (the $ prefix is stripped, value passed as-is)
• Numeric string — "0.10"
• Number — 0.10
• Object — { amount: "100000", asset: "0x...", extra: {} } for explicit asset/amount

Network Identifiers

Networks use CAIP-2 format:

Network	Identifier
Base mainnet	eip155:8453
Base Sepolia	eip155:84532
Ethereum	eip155:1
Solana	solana:mainnet

Enforce Options

Override config defaults for a specific page:

await x402.enforce(Astro.request, {
  price: "$0.25", // Override price
  payTo: "0xDifferentWallet", // Override wallet
  network: "eip155:1", // Override network
  description: "Article: How x402 Works", // Resource description
  mimeType: "text/html", // MIME type hint
});

Solana Support

Solana is opt-in. Install @x402/svm and enable it in config:

pnpm add @x402/svm

astro.config.mjs

x402({
  payTo: "YourSolanaAddress",
  network: "solana:mainnet",
  svm: true,
  evm: false, // Disable EVM if only using Solana
});

How It Works

1. The x402() integration registers middleware that creates an enforcer and places it on Astro.locals.x402
2. Configuration is passed to the middleware via a Vite virtual module (virtual:x402/config)
3. When enforce() is called, it checks for a payment-signature header on the request
4. If no payment header is present, a 402 Payment Required response is returned with payment instructions in the PAYMENT-REQUIRED header
5. If a payment header is present, it’s verified through the facilitator service and settled
6. After settlement, PAYMENT-RESPONSE headers are set on the response via applyHeaders()

The resource server is initialized lazily on first request and cached for the worker lifetime.